1	2006 Rebuild Michigan: Advanced Energy Technologies Options for Advanced Lighting Design Gary Steffy, LC, FIALD All photographs copyright by respective photographers and/or corporate entities. Icons copyright iStockphoto and respective photographers.
2	Gary Steffy, LC, FIALD President, GarySteffyLightingDesign Inc www.gsld.net Founded in 1982 IALD Fellow Past president IESNA Member/USNC/CIE Lighting Certified/NCQLP Online viewing at www.gsld.net/2006rebuildmichigan/lighting.htm Document content is copyrighted and may not be reproduced in any fashion nor reposted electronically. Only live viewing online from www.gsld.net servers is permissible. Use is governed by terms posted at http://www.gsld.net/terms/terms.htm.
3	Author VNR’s Architectural Interior Systems/2e, 1988 with Flynn and Segil VNR’s Architectural Interior Systems/3e, 1992 with Flynn, Kremers, and Segil McGraw–Hill’s Time–Saver Standards for Architectural Lighting, 2000 www.tssal.com Wiley’s Architectural Lighting Design/2e, 2002 www.ald2e.com
4	Previous Experiences Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, 1979 Senior lighting designer DIA Kresge Court GE Schenectady Dominican Chapel of the Plains Owens/Corning Fiberglas, 1977 Research engineer Acoustical baffle clip (patent w/Seymour and Wyerman) ICS program
5	Options for Advanced Lighting Design Energy Efficient Lighting Using electricity efficiently over time to produce light for life activities minimize electricity minimize time maximize life activities quantity of light quality of light
6	Energy Efficient Lighting
7	Energy Efficient Lighting More than efficient light bulbs (lamps) More than efficient light fixtures (luminaires) Symbiosis Architecture Lighting People
8	Energy Efficient Lighting
9	Define the Problem/1 What is the end Satisfy users' needs Living Working Separate means from the end Design aesthetics/a means Hardware selection/a means Engineering calculations/a means Systems integration/a means Value engineering/a means
10	Define the Problem/2 Keep priorities straight Why are you doing what you’re doing? Cheapest Fastest Easiest For contractor For you For owner Politically correct The priority is the end Satisfy users’ needs Living Working
11	Define the Problem/3 Recognize biology problem Visual perception Luminance contrast Chromatic contrast Physiological Biological clock Intensity Duration Accommodation and adaptation Intensity Surface reflectances/transmittances Distance
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13	Criteria: Task Factors Visual tasks Task size/inherent contrast Users’ ages Luminances Absolute Ratios Surface reflectances Surface transmittances Illuminances IESNA criteria — use ranges to refine values
14	Advance Lighting Design Lamps Ballasts Luminaires Daylighting Controls
15	Advanced Lighting Design: Best Lamps Light emitting diode (LED) Incandescent halogen infrared (HIR) Ceramic metal halide (CMH) Compact fluorescent (CFL) Linear fluorescent
16	Lamps: LED Packages Single array (bud) Linear arrays Exposed Enclosed tubes Rectilinear arrays Panels Circular arrays Disc inserts MR16
17	Lamps: LED Characteristics Efficiency: Low 10 to 15 lumens per watt (LPW) in real world Lab hype at 80+ LPW Candlepower: Weak Single LED = point source Low wattage limits “punch” Array of LEDs = area source Temperature sensitivity limits number of LEDs in an array
18	Lamps: LED Voltage: 12V, 24V Initial Cost: Very high Extremely high compared to functionality High array cost Auxiliary equipment cost (driver) Life Cycle Cost: Very low Probably — haven’t been in service long Low energy and long replacement cycle
19	Lamps: LED Life: Long Industry has yet to agree on life definition Generally considered time at which output is 70% initial Color dependent Temperature dependent 30,000 to 50,000 hours Color Temperature: Wide range 3000K to 6500K (typically most efficient) Saturated colors Millions of colors with color mixing software Color Rendering: Good (70 to 85 of 100 on white light)
20	Lamps: LED Applications Short throw low–to–moderate intensity applications Task lights Step lights Signage Backlighting Edgelighting Eye candy Decorative color applications Most efficient, most sustainable in low light settings
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24	Lamps: HIR Packages T2, T2.5, T3 MR16 PAR30, PAR38
25	Lamps: HIR Characteristics Efficiency: Low to moderate 15 to 40 LPW High wattages most efficacious Candlepower: Strong Point source Variety of factors influence “punch” Wattage Voltage Reflector/lensing
26	Lamps: HIR Voltage: 12V, 120V, 277V Initial Cost: Very low Relative to other efficient technologies Mains voltage lowest cost US$11. to US$23. (900–watt @US$69.) www.gesupply.com Life Cycle Cost: Very high High energy Short replacement cycle Recurring lamp costs Recurring labor costs
27	Lamps: HIR Life: Very short 2000 to 5000 hours Point at which half of lamps will have failed Voltage dependent Color Temperature: Nominal range 3000K Color Rendering: Excellent (100 of 100)
28	Lamps: HIR Applications Medium–to–long throw applications Accent lighting Museums Some retail Some commercial High–ceiling downlights (dimmable, instant–on) Low–level, dimmable applications Theaters/auditoria Conference rooms “Gold standard” Decorative, dimmable, accent applications
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32	Lamps: CMH Packages T4.5, T6 PAR20, PAR30L, PAR38 BD17
33	Lamps: CMH Characteristics Efficiency: High to very high 60 to 90 LPW High wattages most efficacious Candlepower: Very strong Point source Variety of factors influence “punch” Wattage Envelope type Reflector/lensing
34	Lamps: CMH Voltage: 120V, 277V Initial Cost: Very high US$50. to US$117. www.gesupply.com Life Cycle Cost: Low to moderate Low energy Long replacement cycle
35	Lamps: CMH Life: Long to very long 7500 to 15000 hours Color Temperature: Two choices 3000K 4200K Color Rendering: Very good (80+ to 90+ of 100)
36	Lamps: CMH Applications Medium–to–long throw applications Accent lighting Retail Commercial High–ceiling downlights High–wall washing Exterior (operate in temperature extremes) Best accent light available If dimming and instant–on aren’t needed
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46	Lamps: CFL Packages 4–pin Varieties F13, F18, and F26 quad tube F13, F18, F26, F32, and F42 triple tube F18 and F40 rapid start “long” tubes
47	Lamps: CFL Characteristics Efficiency: High 65 to 75 lumens per watt (LPW) High wattages most efficacious Candlepower: Weak to moderate Area source Variety of influencing factors on “punch” Wattage/envelope size Aperture size Reflector Lensing
48	Lamps: CFL Voltage: 120V, 277V Initial Cost: Low to moderate Higher wattages more costly US$8. to US$26. www.gesupply.com Life Cycle Cost: Low Low energy Long replacement cycle
49	Lamps: CFL Life: Long to very long 10000 to 20000 hours Wattage and package dependent Color Temperature: Moderate range 2700K 3000K 3500K 4100K Color Rendering: Very good (80+ of 100)
50	Lamps: CFL Applications Short throw moderate–to–high intensity applications Wall wash lighting Downlighting Decorative/functional lighting Low–to–moderate level, dimmable applications Conference rooms Incandescent replacement Decorative, dimmable, human–scale general lighting
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56	Lamps: Linear Fluorescent Packages T2 T5 T8
57	Lamps: Linear Fluorescent Characteristics Efficiency: Moderate to very high 45 to 89 lumens per watt (LPW) Candlepower: Weak to moderate Area source Variety of influencing factors on “punch” Wattage/envelope size Aperture size Reflector Lensing
58	Lamps: Linear Fluorescent Voltage: 120V, 277V Initial Cost: Low to moderate Higher wattages more costly US$3. to US$11. www.gesupply.com (T2 about US$20.) Life Cycle Cost: Low Low energy Long to very long replacement cycle
59	Lamps: Linear Fluorescent Life: Long to very long 10000 to 36000 hours Wattage, package, and ballast dependent Color Temperature: Moderate range 3000K 3500K 4100K Color Rendering: Very good (70 to 85 of 100)
60	Lamps: Linear Fluorescent Applications Short throw moderate–to–high intensity applications Wall wash lighting Downlighting Uplighting Display/millwork/casework task lighting Decorative/functional lighting Neat, efficient, modern and likable Perfect in modern architecture
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68	More Low voltage transformers Ballasts Electronic PRS CFL T5 T8 RS IS
69	More Motion sensors Ultrasonic/infrared Ceiling mount Zone lights accordingly Photocells Zone lights accordingly Dim Switch Astronomical timeclocks Zone lights accordingly
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